Which of the following forces can act at a distance?

Gravitational force is an example of a force that can act at a distance. This force arises from the mass of objects and is proportional to the product of their masses, influencing objects without direct contact. For instance, the Earth exerts a gravitational pull on an object, drawing it towards its center even if the object is not in contact with the ground. This is why we experience weight; it is the consequence of gravitational attraction.

In contrast, forces like frictional and normal forces are contact forces, meaning they require direct interaction between objects. Frictional force acts when two surfaces slide against each other, while normal force acts perpendicular to the contact surface to support the weight of an object resting on it. Tension force also necessitates physical connection, as it occurs in strings or ropes when they are pulled taut.

Therefore, the gravitational force distinctly stands out for its ability to operate over distances, answering the question accurately.