What happens to the resistance of a conductor as temperature decreases?

As temperature decreases, the resistance of a conductor generally decreases due to reduced thermal vibrations in the atomic lattice. At higher temperatures, atoms and ions in a conductor vibrate more vigorously, which leads to more frequent collisions between the charge carriers (usually electrons) and the atoms. These collisions impede the flow of current, resulting in higher resistance.

As the temperature lowers, the atoms vibrate less, reducing the number of collisions that charge carriers experience. This allows electrons to move more freely through the conductor, thereby decreasing its resistance. This phenomenon is particularly prominent in metallic conductors, where the conduction electrons can move relatively freely in a lattice structure.

While there can be nuances in behavior at very low temperatures or in different materials (like semiconductors or superconductors), for most conventional conductors, the general trend is that lower temperatures lead to decreased resistance due to less thermal agitation of the lattice structure.